Norman & Shallice’s Framework: 2 basic “control” mechanisms that determine how we monitor our activities The automatic contention scheduler (ACS)- automatic & direct priming of stored knowledge by stimuli in environment or conceptual thought Supervisory attention system (SAS): conscious awareness of what we know that set the priorities for action. SAS can override ACS. In … Read more
What is MCI? A clinical condition considered a transition phase between normal aging and dementia. MCI was initially seen as a transition phase between normal aging and Alzheimer’s dementia – however, now recognized that other underlying conditions with different aetiologies may result in mild cognitive impairment that has increased risk of progressing to “dementia.” Peterson … Read more
MEMORY & LEARNING PART 2: NEUROANATOMY OF MEMORY(General) Hippocampi – specifically involved in registration and storage of new memories. Bilateral removal of hippocampus leads to severe anterograde amnesia similar to that seen in Korsakoff’s (but they do not have the other cognitive deficits associated w/Korsakoff’s- believed to be due to diffuse cortical atrophy). Common cause: … Read more
Learning and Memory Learning and memory are not interchangeable terms; instead, they are complementary concepts. Memory is the behavioral change caused by an experience, and “learning” is how this happens. Learning is the process by which new information is acquired; memory is the process by which that knowledge is retained. Learning Learning can be divided … Read more
Limbic System: Homeostasis, Olfaction, Memory, and Emotion Anatomical and Clinical Review Limbic system includes cortical and subcortical structures which are located mainly in medial and ventral regions of the cerebral hemispheres Simplification of Limbic Functions and Corresponding Key Structures Limbic Functions Key Structures Homeostasis, autonomis and neuroendocrine control Hypothalamus Olfaction Olfactory Cortex Memory Hippocamplal Formation … Read more
Learning Disabilities First observations and studies focused on reading disorders, as early as 100 years ago. No diagnostic category of “LD” until 1960’s. Original label was minimal brain damage/dysfunction. Ongoing etiological debate: biological nature of disorder vs. failure of educational system (nature vs. nurture). 1987 definition (is there a more recent one?): a generic term … Read more
Lichtheim’s Model of Language Localization Key to Symbols in the Diagram A The area containing “sensory memory images for the sounds of words” Wernicke proposed these images were stored in the posterior portion of the first (superior) temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere. Damage in this area results in “sensory aphasia” or “Wernicke’s aphasia.” Auditory … Read more