1. A Percentiles are non-linear transformations unlike the other choices. That is, the amount of raw score difference between 55%-60% does not necessarily represent the same amount of raw score difference as between 94%-99%.
2. B
3. D One of the key early features distinguishing Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) from Parkinson’s Dementia is the visual hallucinations seen in DLB. Alzheimer’s patients typically have delusions rather than actual hallucinations, but may develop hallucinations as the disease progresses.
4. C (p. 858 – Blumenfeld)
5. C
6. D This question concerns effort on testing. Malingering is intentional and motivated by an external reward. He is demonstrating a negative response bias but not a positive one. While he could be depressed, there is no evidence either way. Factitious disorder is behavior motivated by an intrinsic reward such as assuming the sick role.
7. B
8. D While answer B is indicative of increased intracranial pressure, D is the classic signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Answer C could also be increased intracranial pressure but answer A would not indicate increased intracranial pressure, a headache in the morning would.
9. D
10. D p. 536-537 Heilman &Valenstein
11. D
12. D Answer B is the definition of clinical significance, answer C is the power, and answer A is incorrect as the independent variable exerts the effect on the dependent variable.
13. A This theory regards the observed sex differences between males and females on neuropsychological testing: that males are better at spatial tasks and females are better at language related tasks.
14. D The hemispheres cannot communicate in these patients, making one hand unaware of what the other is doing. And only input to the left hemisphere (i.e. the right hand) would allow verbal naming.
15. B Racing thoughts and pressured speech make a depressive diagnosis and insomnia less likely choices. And the described symptoms are more consistent with hypomania than mania as he is not experiencing clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational settings.
16. A Patients with cortical blindness may have blindsight in which they still have some perception outside of conscious awareness. They can have anosognosia as in Anton’s syndrome and be unaware of their deficit. Answer C describes achromatposia and Answer D is incorrect as cortical blindness results from total destruction of the primary visual cortex.
17. C
18. D While stepwise progression is associated with vascular or multi-infarct dementia, it is not a reliable distinction. MRI in vascular dementia may show infarcts but atrophy is not specific to this disease process. Consolidation deficits on memory testing are indicative of AD but encoding deficits are not considered indicative of vascular dementia. In fact, memory performance on testing is often better than seen in AD. (Lezak, Neuropsychological Assessment)
19. C Both achromatopsia and prospognosia are caused by lesions on the fusiform gyrus of the occipitotemporal cortex.
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. C The Locus Coeruleus cells release norepinephrine to virtually all parts of the brain. If you answered D, remember Dopamine is produced both in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area.
24. B
25. D A paramedian pontine infarct can cause dysarthria and clumsy-hand syndrome that affects the contralateral arm. However, this is not part of Locked-In Syndrome. Locked-In Syndrome is a near coma state where communication is possible through eye blinks.
26. A Cerebellar circuits decussate twice before reaching the lower motor neurons. Therefore, each side of the cerebellum controls the same side of the body, not the opposite side. Answer D, incidentally, is caused by a lesion of the posterior column and involves loss of joint position sense, which cerebellar lesions do not.
27. B
28. C Conduit’ d’ approche is increasingly closer phonological approximations of a word. The correct answer, anomia, is present to some degree in every aphasia.
29. D While inattention may be a cause of math disorder as defined in the DSM-IV, sensory neglect typically refers to a right parietal lesion symptom in which material in one visual field, usually the left, is ignored unless attention is drawn to it.
30. A
31. B Recognizing a friend is best thought of as a type of semantic memory, which is knowledge acquired during one’s lifetime (Kolb and Wishaw, 2003). Tulving considered all knowledge which was not autobiographical to be semantic knowledge. Episodic memory is singular events a person recalls and is the other type of explicit memory besides semantic. Implicit memory unconscious and nonintentional.
32. C While both Schizophrenia and dementia are a possibility, the fact he is still managing a small business suggests he does not have the other impairments that accompany those illnesses. When behavior is not markedly odd or impaired outside of nonbizarre delusions, delusional disorder is the appropriate choice. The First Lady would have to be psychotic and delusional, as well, for a diagnosis of Shared Psychotic Disorder.
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. B See Morgan and Ricker, P. 53-54.
37. B
38. C This is a neurodegenerative condition seen in children that typically involves cerebral demyelination. Cognitive dysfunction is generally correlated with the extent of white matter changes on MRI. Hematopoetic stem cell transplant is the most effective treatment. Visual-spatial functioning is an excellent predictor of neurocognitive function after stem cell transplant for cerebral X-ALD. See work of Elsa Shapiro; Cox et al (2006), Archives of Neurology, 63; 69-73.
39. B
40. C
41. A
42. A
43. D
44. B
45. C
46. D
47. B
48. B
49. A
50. D
51. A
52. D Iverson 2006 Applied Neuropsychology 13(2), 77-90.
53. B
54. C
55. D
56. A
57. A
58. D
59. A
60. D
61. A
62. A
63. D
64. D
65. D
66. A
67. D
68. A
69. A
70. D
71. D
72. D
73. C
74. C
75. D
76. C
77. C
78. B
79. B
80. A
81. C
82. D
83. D
84. D
85. B
86. C
87. A
88. B
89. D
90. B
91. A
92. C
93. D
94. A
95. C
96. D
97. B
98. B
99. C
100. B